Manual End of Times

The Word became flesh Jesus comes to seek the saved False peace 3 and a half years Christ returns in glory

From Pentecost to the emergence of Antichrist

3 and a half years

Pre-Millennial Dispensationalism The Church will be raptured before the Great Tribulation.

From Pentecost to the Rapture Beginning of sorrows

Beginning of intense tribulation Antichrist breaks the covenant Persecution and judgments 3 and a half years

Christ reigns 1,000 years All judged according to their works

The Antichrist and the False Prophet are thrown into Satan, Hades, Death and those who are not written in the Book of Life are thrown into the lake of fire God dwells with His people forever The Word became flesh

Principle of pain Beginning of the greattribulation Antichrist breaks the covenant Persecution and judgments SECOND COMING and RAPTURE Christ returns in glory and the church meets Elena in the air

Christ reigns 1,000 years All judged according to their works

NEW HEAVEN AND NEW EARTH Antichrist and the False Prophet are released in Satan, Hades, Death and anyone not written in the Book of Life are thrown into the lake of fire God dwells with His people forever Pre - Historical Millennialism The Church goes through tribulation 3 and a half years

The Word became flesh

Between the first and second coming of Christ

Christ returns in glory

Satan, Hades, Death and anyone not written in the Book of Life are thrown into the lake of fire God dwells with His people forever The millennium is expanding through the Church until the return of Christ

Postmillennialism The millennium is a long period before the return of Christ The Word became flesh

Between the first and second coming of Christ SECOND COMINGChrist returns in glory

Satan, Hades, Death and anyone not written in the Book of Life are thrown into the lake of fire God dwells with His people forever Symbolic millennium and the Church is the kingdom of God on earth

Amillennialism There is no literal millennium, it is symbolic

Index

Appendix - Frequently Asked Questions

Without a doubt, one of the topics that causes the most curiosity among Christians and even among unbelievers is to understand what the "end of the world" will be like. times". Many wonder: what will happen when Will everything we know come to an end? How will be the outcome of the story that God is writing? These questions are not new, and the God’s Word offers us the answers for them. Studying the end times is much more than simply try to understand prophecies or predict future events. It's diving into one of the deeper, more mysterious aspects and, at the same time, at the same time, more revealing of the plan divine. When we talk about "end times", we are referring to eschatology, a word that may seem complex, but it simply means "the study of the last things." 06

Christian eschatology is, therefore, the part of theology that dedicated to understanding what the Bible says about the events that will culminate in the return of Christ, the final judgment and renewal of all things. In this book, we will explore together the main aspects of end of times, demystifying concepts and bringing to light biblical truths that are often overlooked side. We will deal with topics such as the great tribulation, the second coming of Christ, the rapture, the millennium, the final judgment and the promise of the New Heaven and New Earth. Important to say from the beginning: the objective of this study It is not defending a single eschatological line. Our purpose is to present clearly, respectfully and substantiated the main eschatological viewsexisting within the Christian faith. This way, you can get to know each of them, compare the biblical foundations and form your own conviction based on Scripture. Each chapter has been carefully thought out so that you can understand not only the events themselves, but also what they mean for your life and for the your walk with God. 07

By the end of reading, you will have a solid understanding and clear from what the Bible teaches about the end. More than that: you will find motivation and hope to live with purpose in the present, knowing that history is in the hands of the sovereign God, who directs all things to a glorious end. This is not just a theological study, it is a journey that can transform the way you see the world, the time and eternity. Understanding the end times is understanding God’s ultimate purpose—and it changes everything. Get ready to dive into one of the most fascinating stories of Scripture. The end may seem scary for some, but for those who are in Christ, it is the beginning of a new and eternal hope. Shall we start this journey together? 08

ESCATOLOGY? CHAPTER 1

Studying the end times is not just to provide curiosity or to delve deeper into a topic theological. It is a spiritual necessity for all who wish to live a full, conscious and aligned with God's purposes. Jesus placed great emphasis on the events that would precede His return, and this emphasis invites us to reflect on: if Christ himself warned us about these events, why should we ignore them? Below are the main reasons why we should dedicate ourselves to understanding what the Bible teaches us about the last few days: Strengthening Christian hope Obedience to the teaching of Jesus Motivation for a life of holiness and vigilance Resistance to false doctrines and deceptions Inspiration for evangelization 10

Studying the end times helps us maintain a perspective of hope, even in the face of difficulties and life's uncertainties. Knowing that God has a sovereign plan and that the end of history culminates in the victory of Christ and the Creation's redemption brings comfort and encouragement. When we understand that there is a glorious destiny in us waiting, we are strengthened to face tribulations present with faith and perseverance. Strengthening Christian hope "Therefore watch, for you do not know what day nor hour” Matthew 25:13 Jesus spoke clearly about the importance of being vigilant and prepared for His return. He didn't leave us in dark about the events that would occur, but called us to discern the signs of the times and live promptly. Studying the end times is, therefore, a way of obeying to Jesus, who instructed us to be attentive and prepared. Obedience to the teaching of Jesus “Let your hearts not be troubled; If you believe in God, believe in me too. In In my Father’s house there are many mansions (...)” John 14:1, 2 11

12 Understand the events that will mark the end of times in motivates us to live in holiness and vigilance. When we know that Christ can return at any moment, this leads us to

principles of the Kingdom of God. "And everyone who has this hope in him purifies himself even, just as he is pure” 1 John 3:3 This expectation challenges us to abandon practices that do not please God and to live in ways that reflect our faith in Your return. Motivation for a life of holiness and vigilance The Bible warns us that, in the last days, false teachers, distorted doctrines and deceptive signs. Studying eschatology helps us discern these mistakes and stand firm in the truth. "For false Christs and false prophets will arise, performing great signs and wonders, to deceive, if possible, the elected themselves" Matthew 24:24 Knowing the truth about the end times protects us against the lies that will emerge as the final days draw near approach. Resistance to false doctrines and deceptions

The study of the end times should also encourage us to share the gospel urgently. Knowing that the time is short and many people have not yet heard the message of salvation, we are called to be witnesses active actions of Christ. "And this gospel of the kingdom will be preached throughout theworld, for a testimony to all nations. Then the end will come." Matthew 24:14 Understanding the last days motivates us to participate actively part of the mission of bringing the gospel to all corners of the earth. Inspiration for evangelization 13

Eschatology gives us a perspective of hope, in calls to obedience and holiness, protects us against mistakes and drives us to evangelize. That, as As we move forward in this study, our hearts be strengthened and our lives transformed by the certainty of that the God who began a good work in us is faithful to complete it until the day of Christ Jesus. Let's continue this journey with our eyes fixed on eternity, knowing that history is in the hands of a Sovereign God who has a perfect plan for the end of all things. 14

WHEN DO WE DIE? CHAPTER 2

16 Before we delve into the prophecies and final events, it is essential understand what the Bible teaches about what happens after death. This topic has generated debate in throughout the history of the Church. Some traditions interpret certain texts biblical statements as indicating that, after the death, the soul enters a state of unconscious rest, the so-called “sleep of the soul.” Others understand that the saved go immediately to the presence of God. Let's understand this issue better. WHEN YOU DYING, I REFIRCE AND ARE YOU PAINING? The doctrine of "soul sleep" is the belief that after death, the soul enters a state of unconscious rest, as if he were "sleeping," until the final resurrection. This This view is defended mainly by groups such as Seventh-day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses. For them, the biblical references that talk about death as "sleep" suggest that, until Christ's return, the dead will not they have conscience.

Although these texts use the word "sleep", in the Bible it is used as a euphemism for physical death, a way that biblical writers used to soften this term, and not to defend a state of unconsciousness of the soul. An example of this is when Jesus referred to Lazarus saying that he was “sleeping” (John 11:11), when in fact he was dead. Jesus uses the term "sleep" to soften the hardness of death, but Lazarus was not unconscious, he was waiting for the resurrection. The doctrine of soul sleep ignores crucial passages, which teach that the Christian's soul goes immediately to presence of the Lord after death. Let's analyze some of these passages that give us clarity and hope. 17 Daniel 12:2 “Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth will rise again, some to eternal life, and others to shame and eternal contempt” 1 Thessalonians 4:13-15 Paul talks about those who "sleep" in Christ, referring to the dead who will be resurrected upon return of Jesus. Bases cited

18 The Bible is clear in teaching that Christians who die will immediately into the presence of the Lord. There is not a interval of "sleep" or unconsciousness, but a direct transition and conscious for the glory of God.

WITH OSE NHOR? Jesus' promise to thief on the cross (Luke 23: 43) When the repentant thief asked Jesus to remember Jesus replied, "In truth I tell you that today you will be with me in paradise." This promise to be "today" with Jesus in paradise is a clear statement that, after the death, the Christian enters immediately in the presence of God. Basements Absent from the body, present with the Lord (2 Corinthians 5:8) Paul writes: "We have trust and we prefer to be absent from the body and inhabit with the Lord." Here, Paul expresses a clear certainty that that, upon leaving the body (i.e., die), he would be immediately with the Lord. There is no mention of a period of unconsciousness, but of a continuous presence and conscious with Christ. The desire to be with Christ (Philippians 1:23) Paul, in his letter to the Philippians, reveals his desire to "depart and be with Christ, which is much better." Again, we see the certainty that, when he died, he would instantly be in presence of Christ, without any interval of "sleep".

19 “And it came to pass that the beggar died, and was taken by the angels to Abraham. Died also the rich man and was buried. — In hell, being in torment, the rich man lifted up his eyes and He saw Abraham in the distance, and Lazarus with him.” Luke 16:22, 23 Just as the saved will immediately be with the Lord, those who die far away of salvation in Christ will go to a place called Hades, popularly known like hell, but it's still not the final judgment and eternal, which will happen after the resurrection of the dead. The parable of the rich man and Lazarus, told by Jesus, illustrates this reality well:

20 Both Paradise and Hades are considered states intermediate, not eternal. This means they are realities where the dead await the final resurrection and the definitive judgment. Later in this study, we will see what the eternal destiny will be according to the Scriptures.

Comfort and hope Knowing that death is simply a transition to Being with Christ brings us immense comfort. This removes the fear of death and gives us a living hope. Death does not It is the end, but the beginning of an eternity in the presence of God. Motivation to live for Christ The certainty that we will be with Christ after death gives us motivates you to live in a way that makes Him great. This leads us to seek a holy and dedicated life, knowing that our True home is with the Lord. What does this mean for us? The certainty that we will immediately be with the Lord dying completely changes not only our view of death, but also the way we live the present:

21 The doctrine of soul sleep weakens the hope that Bible offers. Instead, the Scriptures assure us that, when we die, we will immediately enter the presence of God. This truth not only comforts us, but also challenges us to live in ways that reflect our faith in life eternal that awaits us. So if we are in Christ, the best is yet to come.

THE 4 LINES

CHAPTER 3

Eschatology is a theme with diverse allegories and symbols, especially in Revelation, with this, it ends up generating different interpretations among Christians. Over the centuries, biblical scholars have developed different views and studies on how final events described in the Scriptures will unfold. These interpretations gave rise to four main eschatological lines, each one with its characteristics and theological implications. In this chapter, we will explore these four views: Historical premillennialism Dispensationalist premillennialism Amillennialism Postmillennialism 01 02 03 04 23

Pre - Historical Millennialism This vision teaches that Christ will return to earth after the great tribulation and before the establishment of His millennial kingdom. O term “historical” is used because that was the perspective predominance of Christians in the first centuries of the Church. It is based mainly on Revelation 20:1-6, where Satan is imprisoned for a thousand years, and Christ will reign with the saints resurrected during this period. Furthermore, in this view, Israel and the Church are treated as a single people, without distinctions prophetic among them. Main Features: Return of Christ: After the great tribulation, Jesus will return and will establish His millennial kingdom (Matthew 24:29–31, Revelation 19:11–16). Resurrection of the saints: Christians who died will be resurrected to reign with Christ during the millennium. (Revelation 20:4–6, 1 Thessalonians 4:16) Literal reign: The millennium is a literal thousand-year period of peace and justice, with Christ reigning physically. (Apocalypse 20:1–6, Isaiah 2:2–4, Isaiah 11:1–10) Liberation from Satan: After the millennium, Satan will be released by a brief period, leading to one last rebellion and will be definitively defeated by God, with fire descending from the sky (Revelation 20:7-10). 24

Pre-Millennial Dispensationalism This view emerged in the 19th century, being the most recent. She interprets biblical history in different dispensations or different eras, each revealing a specific way in which God relates with humanity. One of the hallmarks of this vision is the clear distinction between Israel and Church, as well as the belief that Christians will be raptured before the great tribulation. Main Features: Pretribulation Rapture: Christians are raptured before the tribulation, being spared from this period of judgment (1 Thessalonians 4:16–17, 1 Thessalonians 5:9, Revelation 3:10) Distinction between Israel and the Church: There is a clear separation between God's planfor Israel and for the Church, with the millennium being the fulfillment of the promises to Israel. (Romans 11:25– 27, Daniel 9:24–27)

different dispensations, with the Church era being one of those dispensations. (Ephesians 1:10, Ephesians 3:2–6, Hebrews 1:1–2) Literal millennium: After the second coming of Christ, there will be a literal millennial kingdom on earth, where He will reign from Jerusalem, fulfilling the prophecies made to Israel. (Revelation 20:1–6, Isaiah 11:1–10, Zechariah 14:4–9) 25

Amillennialism As the name suggests, Amillennialism denies the existence of a literal millennium of a thousand years. Instead, he believes that the "millennium" of Revelation 20 is a symbolic description, understanding it as the period between the first and second coming of Christ, that is, the current time in which the Church lives. Main Features: Spiritual Reign of Christ: The Millennium is the Reign spiritual life of Christ in heaven and on earth through the Church (Ephesians 1:20–23, Colossians 1:13, Revelation 20:4) Satan Bound: Satan's imprisonment is seen as a limitation of their power to deceive the nations, allowing expansion of the gospel. (Revelation 20:1–3, Luke 10:18, John 12:31–32) Resurrection and judgment: At the end of time, there will be a single resurrection of the just and unjust, followed by judgment end. (John 5:28–29, Revelation 20:11–15, Matthew 25:31–46) Eschatological symbolism: The Apocalypse is interpreted mainly in a symbolic way, with an emphasis on victory spirituality of Christ. (Revelation 1:1, Revelation 12, Revelation 19:11–16) 26

Post - Millennialism Postmillennialism is the belief that Christ will return after the millennium, which is not necessarily a literal period of thousand years, but rather an era of increasing influence of gospel in the world. Main Features: The millennium as an era of peace: The millennium is understood as a long period of expansion of the gospel, in which nations will be influenced by justice and principles of the Kingdom of God. (Isaiah 2:2–4, Psalm 22:27, Matthew 13:31– 33) Christ returns after the millennium: The second coming of Christ will happen after this era of prosperity and advancement of the gospel. (1 Corinthians 15:24–26, Matthew 24:14) Social transformation: Preaching the gospel will bring real impacts on culture, politics and structures social issues, leading to large-scale transformation. (Isaiah 11:9, Habakkuk 2:14, Revelation 11:15) 27

28 Each of these four eschatological lines offers a unique perspective on how end-time events unfold will unfold. Although there are differences regarding the sequence of events, the role of Israel and the Church and the meaning of the millennium, they all share the same hope: Christ will return. Understanding these different perspectives not only broadens our knowledge, but it also helps us see the complexity and depth of God's plan revealed in the Scriptures. Regardless of the line each an adoptee, the focus should always be on live with the expectation of the coming of Christ, knowing that He will return to establish His kingdom in fullness and justice. As Christians, we are called to be prepared, vigilant and firm in faith, trusting that, whatever the order of the events, the King will come.

CHAPTER 4

30 The book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible, is known for his diverse prophetic visions, symbolic language and descriptions of cataclysmic events. Therefore, he has been interpreted in various ways throughout the history of church. In this chapter, we will explore the four main interpretative approaches that scholars and theologians have used to understand this book: Preterist Historicist Futuristic Idealist

Preterist interpretation The preterist approach understands that most prophecies of Revelation have already been fulfilled, especially in the historical context of the first century. For preterists, the events described in the book refer mainly to the fall of Jerusalem in 70 AD. C. and the persecution of Christians by Roman Empire. Main Features: Historical context: Revelation was written to encourage and strengthen first-century Christians during times of persecution. Fulfillment in the past:prophecies of Revelation were fulfilled in the events that occurred during the period of writing the book. Contemporary relevance: Although they see the past fulfillment of prophecies, preterists believe that Revelation still has spiritual relevance and morality for Christians of all ages. 31

Historicist interpretation The historicist approach sees Revelation as a description prophetic history of the Church, since apostolic times until the return of Christ. Each event or figure mentioned is identified with a specific event or period in history of the Church. Main Features: Historical overview: The book is seen as an outline of the Church history over the centuries. Event identification: Try to identify events specific to the history of the Church and the world (such as the rise and fall of empires, religious reforms, etc.) with the visions of Revelation. Continuous progression: Suggests a continuous progression of prophetic events, from the time of John to the return of Christ. 32

Futuristic interpretation The futurist approach interprets most of the book as Apocalypse (chapters 4 to 22) as events that have not yet were fulfilled. Prophecies refer to future events, related to the end times: the great tribulation, the second coming of Christ, the millennium and the final judgment. Main Features: Future Fulfillment: The events described will occur just before the return of Christ. Literal events: Visions are interpreted in a literal, as real and concrete events. Focus on eschatology: This approach is used mainly by premillennialists and dispensationalists, who see Revelation as a detailed map of events which will culminate at the end of the story. 33

Idealistic interpretation Also known as symbolic or spiritual, the idealistic approach understands that Revelation does not refer to specific events, but rather to an ongoing struggle between the good and evil throughout history. For idealists, visions of Revelation are timeless and apply to all ages of Church. Main Features: Spiritual symbology: Events and figures are seen as symbols of spiritual forces and principles eternal ones that operate in the world. Universal application: Instead of trying to identify events specific histories, understand it as a representation of the universal spiritual battle between God and Satan, the good and evil. Continued Relevance: Revelation Offers Spiritual Lessons and encouragement for Christians at any time, without the need to link visions to historical events specific. 34

Each of these four interpretive approaches offers a different lens through which to understand the rich symbolism of book of Revelation. Preterism invites us to look at the historical context and the importance of Revelation for the first Christians. Historicism leads us to see the book as a vision continuous history of the Church. Futurism directs us to look to the future and prepare ourselves for the events that are yet to come. Idealism reminds us of spiritual truths and timeless elements contained in the book. Understanding these different approaches broadens our vision and helps us understand how Revelation speaks in a relevant at any time in history. Regardless of the interpretative line adopted, the most important is to recognize that Revelation is a message of hope and victory for all Christians. He assures us that, at the end of all things, Christ will reign sovereignly over the universe, and every knee will bow before Him. 35

TRIBULATION? CHAPTER 5

The great tribulation, mentioned in several parts of the Bible, especially in the gospels and the book of Revelation, it is described as a period of suffering, persecution and unprecedented trial in the history of humanity. Will it be a time when God will pour out His wrath upon the earth, as part of the fulfillment of His redemptive and righteous plan. In this chapter, we will explore what the Bible teaches about great tribulation: its definition, duration, main events, purpose and how it is interpreted in different eschatological lines.

37 It is a period of extreme anguish, a time of suffering which will affect the whole earth which, according to theScriptures, will precede the visible return of Jesus Christ. Matthew 24:21 “Because at that time there will be great tribulation, as never been since beginning of the world until now and never ever there will be.” Revelation 7:14 “These are the ones who come from great tribulation, which washed their clothes and shot into the blood of the Lamb.” Biblical Basis

38 It is important to highlight that all lines eschatological theories agree that the visible return of Christ occurs after the great tribulation. What changes between them is the moment of rapture of the Church, a matter that will be further explored in the next chapter.

Most scholars who follow the futurist approach understands that the great tribulation will last seven years, divided in two halves of three and a half years. This interpretation is based on: Daniel 9:24–27 – The "prophetic week" (seven years) Revelation 11:2, 3 – Which mentions 42 months (three years and middle) of intense tribulation.

39

During the great tribulation, the Bible describes a series of catastrophic events and divine judgments that will fall upon the land. These events are organized as follows: The manifestation of the antichrist The beginning of the great tribulation happens when the antichrist enter into a peace agreement, as described in Daniel 9:27. However, it will be a false peace, used as a strategy to expand your domain. There will be great pressure for people accept their thoughts and ideologies. After 3 years and a half, this agreement will be broken, starting the pouring of the wrath of God upon the earth. The seven seals (Revelation 6) They are opened by the Lamb, and each seal triggers a specific judgment, such as wars, famines, plagues, and natural catastrophes. The seven trumpets (Revelation 8-9) They introduce even harsher judgments, including global fires, destruction of natural resources, poisoning of the waters, and plagues of demonic creatures. The seven bowls (Revelation 16) They represent the fullness of God's wrath, poured out upon the who rejected His grace, resulting in sickness, darkness, droughts, and the destruction of Babylon, the city that symbolizes rebellion against God.

Although it is a time of judgment, the great tribulation also has redemptive and preparatory purposes within of God's plan for history: Judgment of sin: One of the central purposes of great tribulation is the judgment of sin and evil that has permeated humanity. It's the time in which God will manifest His justice against rebellion and wickedness of the nations (Revelation 6:17; Revelation 16:5–7). Proof of the faith of Christians (in the post-tribulational view): the Great tribulation will serve as a test of faith. Apocalypse 13:10 says, "Here is the perseverance and faith of the saints", showing that, despite the difficulties, the faithful are called to persevere. Preparation for the Kingdom of Christ: It is seen as a preparation for the return of Christ and the establishment of His millennial kingdom. The events of this period culminate in the final defeat of evil and the purification from the earth to the coming of the King. (Revelation 19:11–21; Revelation 20:1–6; Matthew 24:29–30) 40

Eschatological line Vision of the great tribulation Pre - Millennialism Dispensationalist (futuristic) Literal and future event, lasting 7 years. O Rapture of the Church will occur before the tribulation (pre-tribulational view). Biblical bases used: Daniel 9: 27; 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17; Revelation 3:10. Pre - Millennialism Historical (futuristic) The Great Tribulation is also future and literal, but Christians will pass through it. Jesus will return at the end of the tribulation, establishing the millennium. Biblical bases used: Matthew 24: 29-31; Revelation 20:1-6. Amillennialism (idealist) Tribulation is not literal or limited to one period. It represents suffering and persecution that the Church faces throughout the entire current era. There will be an intensification before the return of Christ. Biblical bases used: John 16: 33; Apocalypse 13:7-10. Post - Millennialism (with influence preterist) In general, the Great Tribulation is seen as a past event, especially related to destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. C. or to sufferings of the early Church. It is expected that the gospel advances before Christ returns. Biblical bases used: Luke 21: 20-24;Matthew 24:15-22. Full preterism (may or may not be connected to the post millennialism) View the Great Tribulation as an already fulfilled in the first century. Refers to persecution of Christians and the destruction of temple in Jerusalem. Biblical bases used: Matthew 24: 34 41

The great tribulation is one of the most significant and fears of biblical eschatology. It is a period of intense trial and judgment, but also of purification and preparation for the return triumphant of Christ. By understanding what the Bible teaches about the great tribulation, we can prepare spiritually to face the trials of life with faith and perseverance, knowing that, in the end, Christ will reign in justice and peace. For Christians, this dark period is, paradoxically, a promise of hope, as we know that after the tribulation will come the restoration of all things in Christ. 42

RAPTURE? CHAPTER 6

As we saw in the previous chapter, the great tribulation is fully linked to how we see the rapture, for the point where there is biggest divergences in the Christian milieu is to respond when it will occur. In this chapter, we will explore what Bible says about the rapture, the different theological perspectives about the moment he will happen and the meaning of this event for Christian life. 44

45 1 Corinthians 15:51-52 “Behold, I will reveal to you a mystery: not all we will sleep, but we all we will be transformed into a moment, in an open and close your eyes, when it resonates of the last trumpet. A trumpet will sound, the dead will be resurrected incorruptible, and we we will be transformed.”

The term "rapture" comes from the Greek word "harpazo", which means "to be carried away" or "snatched away". In the biblical context, refers to a moment when the Church will meet the Lord Jesus: Christians who are still alive, together with those who have already died in Christ, will be taken to be meet Him in the air. 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17 “Because the Lord himself, given your word order, heard the voice of the archangel and resounded trumpet of God will descend of heaven, and the dead in Christ will be resurrected first; then we, the alive, those who remain, we will be raptured together with them, among clouds, for the meeting with the Lord in the air, and, so, we will be always with the Lord.” Biblical Basis

46 These passages describe a supernatural event in which Christians will be transformed and led to encounter Christ, indicating a radical and immediate change both for the living and for the dead in Christ.

The question of "when" the rapture will occur in relation to the great tribulation has generated different positions theological. The main ones are: Pretribulationism Mid-tribulationism Posttribulationism Partial Rapture Each of these views offers a different perspective about the sequence of final events.

Pretribulationism: The rapture will occur before the great tribulation. Christians will be removed from the earth before may the judgments described in Revelation begin. This perspective is popular among dispensationalists and emphasizes that the Church will be spared the judgments that will come upon the world. Basis: 1 Thes 1: 10 | 1 Thes 4: 16–17 | Rev 3: 10 | John 14:1–3 Mid-tribulationism: The rapture will occur in the middle of the great tribulation, after the first three and a half years. The Christians will go through part of the tribulation, but they will be raptured before the most severe judgments, described as the trumpets and the bowls, be poured out. Basis: Dn 9: 27 | Rev 11: 11–12 | Rev 7: 14 Post-tribulationism: The rapture will occur at the end of the great tribulation, simultaneously with the visible return of Christ. The Church will go through all the tribulation, being preserved by God during the judgments, and will be caught up to meet Christ in the air as He descends to establish His millennial kingdom. Basis: Mt 24: 29–31 | John 17: 15 | Rev 20: 4–6 | 1 Cor 15: 52 Partial rapture: This less common view suggests that Only the most faithful Christians will be raptured before the tribulation, while other Christians will be left to facing the events of the tribulation as a way of purification and preparation. Basis: Mt 25: 1–13 | Luke 21: 36 | Rev 3: 10 47Although there are different interpretations of the moment exact rapture, all visions share the expectation of the encounter with Christ and the transformation of Christians. Diversity of opinions should not divide, but rather enrich Christians’ understanding of the complexity and the wonder of God's plans.

The rapture is a crucial event in Christian eschatology, full of hope and promise. It's the moment when Christ will seek His Church, taking it to be with Him eternally. Regardless of the theological position one adopt about the timing of this event, the rapture in calls to live with expectation and readiness, knowing that our encounter with the Lord may be closer than we imagine. May this living hope motivate us to live holy lives, to share the gospel urgently, and to persevere in faith, until the day we hear the trumpet sound and find our Savior. 48

CHAPTER 7

The Antichrist is a central figure in Christian eschatology, often associated with events that will occur during the great tribulation. Described in Scripture as a leader powerful and deceitful who will oppose Christ and will persecute God's people, Antichrist plays a role crucial in the development of the last few days. In this chapter, we will explore what the Bible teaches about Antichrist, his role during the tribulation, and the different interpretations about their identity, especially in light of Daniel's prophecies. Antichrist is mentioned in several biblical passages, mainly in the books of Daniel, 2 Thessalonians and Apocalypse. He is described as a charismatic leader, but evil one, who will arise in the last days to exercise dominion over the world and openly oppose God and His people. 50

Some interpretative lines (such as partial preterism or amillennialism) understand that these passages have already been fulfilled historically, especially in the context of the Roman Empire. Others see the Antichrist as a symbolic figure representing the spirit of opposition to Christ. In this chapter we will explain the Antichrist as a figure literal yet to come.

According to the Scriptures, the Antichrist will sign an agreement peace with many, including Israel, at the beginning of the tribulation. This agreement can be seen as an attempt to stabilize the Middle East region and gain the confidence of nations, especially from Israel. This covenant is mentioned in Daniel 9:27: "He will make a firm covenant with many for a week; in half of week will cause the sacrifice to cease and the offering of delicacies..."

Halfway through the period of seven years, that is, after three years and means, the Antichrist will break this agreement. He will interrupt sacrifices and will offer himself as an object of worship, establishing the "abomination desolating" in the temple, as predicted in Daniel 9:27 and referenced by Jesus in Matthew 24:15. This act will mark the beginning of the great tribulation, a time of intense persecution against who do not submit to your government.

Revelation 13 describes the antichrist as a “beast that emerges from the sea” receiving power from the dragon (satan) to rule over all the earth. He will exercise authority over all nations and will demand universal worship, establishing an economic system that will force everyone to receive a mark, the famous "mark of the beast", without which no one can buy or sell (Revelation 13:16-17). 51

The identity of the Antichrist has been the subject of much speculation throughout Christian history. Various interpretations were proposed, based on biblical descriptions and prophecies, especially in Daniel 2 and 7. Historical interpretation: Some interpretations see the Antichrist as a figure specific history that has already emerged or will emerge within the political and religious context. For example, in the first centuries, many Christians identified figures as the Roman emperor Nero or other tyrant leaders like the Antichrist. In times more recently, this interpretation has been applied to dictators and authoritarian leaders. The Empire described in Daniel 2: Daniel 2 and 7 provide a significant basis for understanding the Antichrist as the leader of afuture empire. Daniel 2 describes the sight of a large statue representing several kingdoms that dominated the world. The statue's feet, made of iron mixed with clay, are often interpreted as a final, divided kingdom that will be fragile and unstable. Many Scholars associate this part of the vision with an empire of the last days, of which the antichrist will emerge as leader.

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The Beast of Daniel 7: In Daniel 7, the prophet has a vision of four great beasts, representing world kingdoms. The fourth beast, particularly terrifying, is described as different from the others and has ten horns, of which a small horn raises and drops three of the previous horns. This "horn small" is generally interpreted as a representation of the antichrist, a ruler who will rise from a group of ten kings or nations, exercising power over the world. Future world ruler: The most common interpretation among futurists is that the antichrist will be a political and military leader who will emerge in global stage, possibly as head of a government world or a powerful coalition. He will be able to unite the nations under his rule, but his true objective will be destroy the followers of Christ and exalt themselves above God. 53

The Antichrist is a central figure in the narrative of the last days, representing the culmination of human rebellion against God. He will emerge as a charismatic leader, sign a peace, but he will soon reveal himself as a ruthless tyrant, breaking their covenant and fiercely persecuting those who remain faithful to God. The prophecies of Daniel and Revelation warn us about the power and the influence he will exert, but we are also assured that your final defeat is assured. Christ will triumph over the antichrist, and he will be thrown into the lake of fire, putting an end to the his reign of terror. 54 Understanding the role of the antichrist helps us to be vigilant and steadfast in faith, knowing that despite the trials to come, the reign of Christ will prevail and His righteousness will be established forever.

CHAPTER 8

The mark of the Beast is one of the most enigmatic and controversial aspects of the book of Revelation. The mere mention of this brand evokes images of control, oppression and condemnation, becoming a symbol of the ultimate antagonism between the forces of evil and the people of God. However, there are many misconceptions and myths about what this brand really means and how it will be implemented. In this chapter, we will explore what the Bible teaches about mark of the beast, its relationship to the mark of those who belong to God, and the true nature of that mark, that goes beyond a literal symbol. The mark of the Beast is specifically mentioned in Revelation 13: 16-18, where it is described that everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, will receive a mark on the right hand or on the forehead, without which no one you can buy or sell. This brand is associated with number 666, which has generated a wide range of interpretations and speculations over the centuries.

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"And make everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and servants, let them be given a mark on their right hand, or on their forehead, so that no one can buy or sell except he who bears the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. There is wisdom here. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, because it is the number of man. And your number is six hundred and sixty-six." Revelation 13:16-18 This passage has traditionally been interpreted as a reference to a totalitarian control system in last days, where those who refuse to worship the beast will be excluded from the economy and society. 57 Biblical Basis

To fully understand the meaning of the mark of the beast, it is It is useful to compare it with the "mark" that God instructs His people to use in Deuteronomy 6:4-8, known as the Shema. The Shema "Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord. You will love, for the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and all your strength. These words that I command you today they will be in your heart; and you will teach them to your children, and you will speak when you sit in your house, and when you walk along the road, and going to bed and getting up. You will also tie them by the wayin yours hand, and they will be for frontals between your eyes" Deuteronomy 6:4-8 In this text, God instructs the Israelites to keep His law in their lives. minds and in their actions, symbolized by the sign on the hand and on the front between the eyes. This represented not only a physical remembrance, but an internal commitment to God, affecting your way of thinking and acting. 58

The mark of the beast, therefore, can be understood as a parody or antithesis of the mark of God described in Deuteronomy. Just as God's "mark" symbolizes the loyalty and obedience to Him, the mark of the beast represents loyalty and worship to the antichrist. It is not just a physical sign, but a reflection of a deep loyalty, a complete identification with the antichrist system. Although many focus on the possibility of a brand literal, like a chip, tattoo or barcode, the The essence of the mark of the beast goes beyond a physical symbol. She represents a conscious and voluntary adherence to the system of values and worship of the antichrist. Voluntary Worship: Acceptance of the mark of the Beast does not will be something imposed by force without the knowledge or people's consent. Instead, it will be a choice deliberate, an act of worship and loyalty to the Antichrist and to your system. Those who receive the mark will be consciously rejecting God and embracing the antichrist as their supreme leader.

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Thinking and acting according to the beast: The reference to the mark in the hand and on the forehead suggests that this mark involves both the way of think (test) about the way to act (hand). Those who receive the mark of the beast will be aligned in thinking and behavior with the evil system of antichrist, adopting his values and rejecting the commandments of God. The number 666: Described as "a man's number", it has been the subject of lots of speculation. Some try to associate it with figures specific historical histories, using methods such as gematria (a system of assigning numerical values to letters), to identify the antichrist. However, John's emphasis seems to be more on imperfection of the number, "six" is seen as the number of humanity, flawed and incomplete, in contrast to the "seven", which is often associated with perfection and fullness of God. Thus, 666 can symbolize the fullness of rebellion human against God, represented in the antichrist.

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The literal mark: Although we cannot completely rule out the possibility of a physical brand in the future, the most important thing is to understand that the true "brand" is in the hearts and minds of those who worship the beast. Voluntary obedience to the system of antichrist and the conscious rejection of God are the true signs of that brand. Economic and social control: The prophecy that no one will be able to buy or sell without the brand is often interpreted as a system of total economic control. Although this is possible, the spiritual application is clear: those who choose to follow the God during this time will face persecution and marginalization, not being able to participate in the structures economic and social dominated by the antichrist. 61

62 Understanding this brand is crucial to not get carried away by myths or unfounded fears. In the end, the real The battle is not for an external brand, but for mastery of the heart and mind. The brand we choose to reflect it will reveal our loyalty and define our eternal destiny. Therefore, as we delve deeper into this topic, we can firm our commitment to God, sealing in our minds and actions faithfulness to His Kingdom, rejecting any system that opposes Him.

CHAPTER 9

64 The return of Jesus is the culminating event in Christian history and biblical eschatology. This is the time for all Christians wait with hope and expectation, when Christ will return in glory to judge the living and the dead, to establish His eternal kingdom, and restore all things. In this chapter, we will explore what the Bible teaches about return of Jesus, the signs that precede it, and the impact of this event for both Christians and the world. The promise of the return of Christ is central to the Christian faith. From the first days of Church, believers have lived with theexpectation that Christ will return to complete the work that started.

65 Acts 1:10, 11 “And while they were with the eyes fixed on the sky, As Jesus ascended, behold that two men dressed in white they stood at the side of them ¹¹ and said: — Men of Galilee, why do you are looking at the heights? This Jesus who was taken from your midst to heaven will come the way how did you see him go up.” John 14:2, 3 “In my Father’s house there are many addresses. If not If that were the case, I would already have them said. So I'm going to prepare one place for you. ³ And, when I go and prepare a place, I will return and the I will receive for myself, so that, where I am, you are too.” Biblical Basis These promises, among many others, clearly state that Jesus will return, not as the suffering servant, but as the King of kings and Lord of lords.

The Bible gives us several signs that indicate that Christ's return is close. Although Jesus said that no one knows what day or hour, He also instructed us to be attentive to the signs:

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Persecution of Christians (Matthew 24:9) Wars, famines and earthquakes (Matthew 24:6-7) Increased evil and cooling of love many (Matthew 24:12) The sun will be darkened, the moon will not give its light, stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of heaven will be shaken (Matthew 24: 29).

the gospel will be preached all over the world, in testimony to all nations, and then the end will come (Matthew 24:14).

The return of Jesus will be a visible, glorious and unmistakable. It will not be a secret event or symbolic, but a powerful manifestation of the Son of God in all His glory. Visible to everyone: Revelation 1:7: "Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even the same ones who pierced him; and all the tribes of the earth they will mourn over him. Yes. Amen." Triumphant and glorious: Revelation 19:11–16: “I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. its knight is called Faithful and True. He judges and fights with justice. His eyes are like a flame of fire... and in his mantle is written: King of kings and Lord of lords.” Jesus will return in glory, as King of kings, accompanied by angels and saints, to establish His kingdom and judge with justice. The Bible describes him riding on a white horse, symbol of victory and authority, with eyes like flames fire and crowns on the head. 67

68 The final judgement: Matthew 25:31-32: "When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then he will sit on the throne of his glory; and before him will be gathered all the nations, and will separate one from another, as a shepherd separates the goats from the goats. sheep." At the return of Christ, all human beings will be judged by their actions, and eternal destinies will be sealed. The righteous will enter eternal life, while the wicked will face eternal damnation.

The return of Christ will be an event of great impact both for Christians and for the world in general. For Christians: The return of Jesus is the consummation of our hope. For those who persevered in faith, it will be time to glorification, where we will receive incorruptible bodies and we will enter the fullness of the kingdom of God. The promise of being with the Lord forever is the final consolation for the Christians (1 Thessalonians 4:17). For the world: The return of Christ will bring the final judgment on humanity. Those who rejected God's grace will face wrath divine and will be banished from the presence of God eternally. Will it be a day of sorrow for those who did not repent, but of joy for those who remained faithful. The restoration of all things: Jesus will come to restore creation, eliminating all sin, pain, and death. He will establish a new heaven and a new earth, where God will dwell with His people, and all things will be renewed (Revelation 21: 1-4).

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The return of Jesus is the culmination of all the history and fulfillment of promises of God. It's the event that everyone Christians must wait with hope and expectation, as it will mark the beginning of a new era—an era of justice, peace, and eternal communion with God. We live in a world where darkness seem to prevail, but thereturn of Christ reminds us that the end is already written: Jesus will return, and His Kingdom will have no end. This certainty must shape our lives, our priorities, and our hope. As the Apostle John wrote in Apocalypse:

Revelation 22:20 May this be the prayer of all who They love His coming and look forward to the day when that we will forever be with our Salvador. 70

CHAPTER 10

72 The millennium is a fundamental concept in Christian eschatology, described in Revelation 20 as a period of a thousand years during which Christ will reign on earth. However, the The roots of the millennium go far beyond the book of Revelation. This period is deeply rooted in the prophecies of the Old Testament that provide for physical and spiritual spirituality of Israel, a time when many prophecies messianic ideas will be fully fulfilled. In this chapter, we will explore how these prophecies lay the foundation for the millennium and what it means for the future of the world. It is worth remembering that the millennium literally as describe is only accepted within the pre-eschatological vision. historical millenarian and dispensationalist. Although Revelation 20 provides a more direct description of a millennial reign of Christ, the idea of a future period of peace and prosperity on earth is firmly rooted in the prophecies of the Old Testament. Several prophetic passages speak of a time when Israel will be restored as a nation central in the worship of God, and the Messiah will reign with justice over all nations.

established on the top of the mountains and will be exalted above the hills, and all nations will flock to him. ³ Many people will come and say, "Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord and to the temple of the God of Jacob, that he may teach us his ways, and let us walk in his paths." Because of Zion the law and the word of the Lord will come out of Jerusalem. ⁴ He will judge among the nations and will correct many peoples. These they will beat their swords into plowshares and their their spears into sickles. Nation will not lift the sword against nation, nor will they learn war anymore.” Isaiah 2:2-4 This text from Isaiah describes a time when Jerusalem will become the center of worldwide worship, and the nations will flow go there to learn the ways of God. This vision of a era of peace and global justice can only be fulfilled in a complete during the millennium. 73

next to the kid, the calf, the young lion and the fattened calf They will walk together, and a little one will guide them. ⁷ The cow and the bear They will feed together, and their young will lie down together; and the lion he will eat straw like an ox. ⁸ The nursing child will play over the snake's hole, and the weaned one will put his hand in the serpent's nest. ⁹ No harm or harm will be done in all my holy mountain, for the earth will be filled with knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.” Isaiah 11:6-9 Isaiah 11 portrays a time of harmony in creation, where violence and conflict will be eliminated. This transformation radical nature of the natural world is another aspect of the millennium, when the Christ's reign will bring about a renewal of all creation. The millennium is also the time when many promises messianic promises made to Israel will be fulfilled in a full. Prophecies such as those predicting the reign of the Messiah, the restoration of Israel and God's justice being realized in the land, find their fulfillment during this period.

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“Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will raise up David a fair Branch; and, like the king he is, he will reign, he will act with wisdom and execute judgment and justice in the earth. ⁶ Us In his days, Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. And this will be the name by which he will be called: "Lord, Justice Wow." Jeremiah 23:5, 6 Jeremiah speaks of a righteous Branch—the Messiah—who will reign over Israel and will bring security and justice. Although Jesus had inaugurated His kingdom at His first coming, these promises point to a future fulfillment, which will take place during the millennium. 75

“My servant David will reign over them, and they will all have a just a pastor. They will walk in my judgments, they will keep my statutes and observe them. ²⁵ They will live in the land that I gave to the my servant Jacob, in whichyour fathers lived. They will live there, they and their children and their relatives' children. children, forever. And David, my servant, will be the prince theirs forever. ²⁶ I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be an everlasting covenant. I will establish them, I will multiply, and I will set my sanctuary among them, always. Ezekiel 37:24-26 Ezekiel speaks of a time when Israel will be restored under the government of "my servant David", a reference to the Messiah. This text not only reinforces the idea of a messianic reign literal, but also suggests a spiritual renewal and a permanent divine presence in Israel. During the millennium, Israel will be restored not only as a nation, but as the center of global worship. Jerusalem will be the place from which the law of God will emanate to all nations, and the temple will be reestablished as the house of worship for all people.

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77 “All who are left of all the nations that came against Jerusalem they will go up from year to year to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles. ¹⁷ If any of the peoples of the earth do not go up to Jerusalem, to worship the King, the Lord of hosts, this people will be without rain. Zechariah 14:16, 17 Zechariah describes how the nations of the earth will be called together to worship the Lord in Jerusalem, confirming the centrality of Israel in God's plan for the millennium. The millennium is not only a period of peace and prosperity, but the time when God will fulfill His promises to Israel and will establish justice in the earth. This period is a demonstration of Christ's righteous reign and God's faithfulness God in fulfilling His covenants.

Fulfillment of promises: The millennium shows that God is faithful to fulfill all His promises, both to Israel as for the Church. It is a time when prophecies do not are only fulfilled in a symbolic way, but literally, on the world stage. Restoration and renewal: During the millennium there will be a physical and spiritual renewal, not only for Israel, but for all creation. It will be a time when the knowledge of the Lord will fill the earth, bringing peace and justice for all nations. Participation in the Kingdom: Christians, both Jews and Gentiles will be called to participate in this kingdom, reigning with Christ and experiencing the blessings of His justice and peace. The millennium is not just an eschatological detail, it is the climax of God's promises made throughout the Bible. It's the time when Christ will reign directly over the earth, restoring Israel, renewing creation and manifesting fully His Kingdom. For Christians, the millennium offers a hopeful vision of future, where the Kingdom of God will be manifested throughout his glory, and all the promises of God will be fulfilled in full and final way. 78

CHAPTER 11

The final battle and judgment before the great white throne are two final events in Christian eschatology, marking the outcome of human history and the establishment of the Kingdom eternal of God. These events bring to light the ultimate fate of Satan, his followers, and all human beings. In this chapter, we will explore the final battle that ends the millennium, the great white throne judgment, and the difference between this final judgment and the judgment that will occur when Christ returns. After the millennium, the Bible tells us of a last and decisive battle, where Satan, released from his prison, will gather the nations to rebel against God one last time. This event it is described in Revelation 20:7-10. Deliverance from Satan: Revelation 20:7-8 reports that when end of the thousand years, satan will be released and immediately will begin to deceive the nations, gathering them into one battle, represented as "Gog and Magog".

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81 The Battle of Gog and Magog: The Nations Will Come Together under the leadership of Satan to surround "the camp of the saints and the beloved city" — a reference to Jerusalem. This final rebellion, known as the battle of Gog and Magog, is an event that fulfills the prophecies found in Ezekiel 38-39, although in Revelation be amplified as the confrontation between good and evil. Definitive defeat of Satan: The final battle is terminated by the direct intervention of God, who destroysthe armies of Satan with fire from heaven. Satan is defeated and thrown into the lake of fire, where they are already beast and the false prophet (Revelation 20:9-10), and will be tormented forever, marking the end of his rebellion and influence.

After the final battle, the Bible tells us about the judgment of the great throne white, where all the dead who were not resurrected in first resurrection, in which case the wicked will be brought back from returns to life to face the final judgment. This event is distinct from the judgment that will occur when Jesus returns to earth to start the millennium. The resurrection of the dead: Revelation 20:11-13: "And I saw a great white throne, and it was seated upon him, from whose presence the earth and heaven fled, and a place was found for them. And I saw the dead, great and small, who they were before God, and the books were opened; and another one opened book, which is the book of life. And the dead were judged by the things that were written in books, according to their works."

82 In the amillennial eschatological view, these events occur simultaneously: both the judgment of the works of Christians - which do not implies loss of salvation, but reward - as for the final judgment of the wicked to eternal damnation.

83 The two resurrections mentioned in Revelation 20: First resurrection Includes all saved from all ages, both from the Ancient as well as the New Testament. These will rise to reign with Christ. They are free from eternal damnation and will participate in the Kingdom of Christ (Rev 20: 4-6). In premillennialism, it occurs at the return of Christ to the establishment of the millennium. In amillennialism, it occurs at the return of Christ to inaugurate of eternity. Second resurrection It refers to the wicked of all ages. They will be resurrected after the millennium (or at the final judgment, in the vision amillennialist), for the judgment of the great white throne (Rev. 20:11-15). They will be judged and thrown into the lake of fire, the second death. First resurrection For eternal life with Christ. Second resurrection For eternal damnation

The final judgement: The dead will be judged according to their works, as recorded in the books, but the deciding factor will be whether their names are written in the Book of Life. Those whose names do not are in the Book of Life will be thrown into the lake of fire, the which represents the "second death". Final destination: Revelation 20:14-15: "And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. And the one who wasn't found inscribed in the book of life was thrown into the lake of fire." The lake of fire is the final destination of all who have rejected the grace of God, and also the final destination of death and hell, symbolizing the complete eradication of evil from the new heaven and new land. 84

It is important to differentiate between the great white throne judgment and the judgment that will occur when Jesus returns to earth to begin the millennium. These are two distinct events in Christian eschatology. Judgment when Jesus returns: When Jesus returns to earth to establish the millennium, He will judge the nations (Matthew 25:31-46), separating the righteous from the wicked. This judgment is often referred to as the "judgment of nations" or the "judgment of the sheep and goats." During this judgment, those who remain faithful to Christ will be admitted into His millennial kingdom, while the wicked will be banned. During this same period, the judgment of the works of Christians before the Judgment Seat of Christ (2 Corinthians 5: 10; 1 Corinthians 3:12-15), where your works will be evaluated for reward, without risk of loss of salvation. Remembering that, in the amillennial view, all these events, both the judgment of believers and that of the wicked, occurs simultaneously in the final judgment before the great white throne (Revelation 20: 11-15), on the occasion of Christ's return, without a later literal millennium.

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Judgment from the great white throne: The Great White Throne Judgment, on the other hand, occurs after the millennium and the final battle. This is the final judgment of all the dead who did not participate in the first resurrection, more or reinforcing, in this case, the wicked who had already died in occasion of Christ's return. Here, the judgment is universal and definitive, determining the eternal destiny of each soul. The final battle and the judgment of thegreat white throne are the events culminating events that bring human history to a conclusion definitive. The final battle marks the complete defeat of Satan and the eradication of his influence on the earth, while the judgment of the great white throne seals eternal destiny of all human beings. For Christians, these events are a reminder of hope that we have in Christ and the need to live in fidelity. The end is in the hands of a just and sovereign God, who will bring all things to light and establish definitive, His eternal Kingdom. 86

CHAPTER 12

The eternal state represents the final destiny of creation redeemed, where God establishes a new heaven and a new earth, free from sin, death and every form of suffering. This is the climax of the biblical story, the fulfillment of all God's promises and the beginning of an eternity of perfect communion between God and His people. In this chapter, we will explore what the Bible tells us about the eternal state, the new creation, and the life that awaits the Christians in the presence of God forever. The Bible describes the eternal state as a new heaven and a new land, where God Himself will dwell with His people. This new state is mentioned in several passages in the Old Testament. and the New Testament, with Revelation 21 and 22 offering the more detailed view. Revelation 21:1-2: "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth. For the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no longer exists. And I, John, saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, which God descended from heaven, adorned like a decked-out wife for your husband."

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This passage reveals that after the final judgment, God will create a new order of existence—a new heaven and a new land. The old order, corrupted by sin, will be destroyed, and a new creation, perfect and eternal, will be established. At the heart of the eternal state will be the new Jerusalem, described like the holy city that comes down from heaven. This city symbolizes the presence of God among His people and is the place where worship will be central to eternal life. Revelation 21:3-4: "And I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, Behold the tabernacle of God with men, for with them will dwell, and they will be his people, and the same God will be with them, and he will be their God. And God will cleanse from their eyes all tear; and there will be no more death, nor mourning, nor outcry, nor pain; because the first things are in the past." The new Jerusalem is not just a physical city, but the symbol of the fulfillment of God's promises to be eternally with His people. This is where the presence of God will be palpable and where all the promises of healing, comfort and restoration will be carried out.

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Revelation 21:22-23: "And I saw no temple in it, because its temple is the Lord God Almighty, and the Lamb. And the city does not need sun or moon, so that in it shine, because the glory of God has illuminated it, and the Lamb is your lamp." The new Jerusalem will not need a temple or fountains of light created, for the glory of God and the presence of Christ will be all that is needed. The eternal state is characterized by perfect communion and uninterrupted with God. Eternal life is not just a prolonged existence, but a quality of life that reflects the fullness of God's peace, joy and justice. Absence of sin and suffering: The new creation will be completely free from sin, death, pain and any type of suffering. What has been corrupted by fall will be fully restored. There will be no more tears, for God will wipe away all the tears from the eyes of His children, and death, which was conquered in the resurrection of Christ, will be abolished forever. Revelation 21:4 | Romans 8: 21 | 1 Corinthians 15:54-55

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Perfect communion: In the eternal state, believers will experience fellowship perfect with God. They will see the face of God (Revelation 22:4), and the fullness of joy will be found in His presence (Psalm 16:11). This communion will also be shared among all the redeemed. Participation in divine glory: Christians will share in the glory of God, being transformed into the likeness of Christ and reflecting the glory of God in their lives eternally. They will reign with Christalways, participating in His authority and goodness (Revelation 22:5). The eternal state is the fulfillment of all promises that God has done throughout the Bible. It is the consummation of redemption, where Christ's work on the cross reaches its fullness and all of God's purposes come true.

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92 Full redemption: The redemption that began on the cross and resurrection of Christ will be complete in the eternal state. Everything that was lost in fall will be restored, and creation will be renewed. The new creation will be the place where God will dwell forever with the His people, in an unbreakable communion. Eternity in the new creation: Eternity will be marked by worship, purpose, relationships restored and in perfect harmony. There will be no more night, for the The Lord will shine upon all (Revelation 22:5).

93 The eternal state is the glorious destiny that God has prepared for you. Your people. It is the fulfillment of everything He promised, the end of the story, and the beginning of an eternity of joy, peace, and communion with Him. In the new heaven and new earth, God will be all in all, and the fullness of life that He always desired for His creation will finally be accomplished. For us, this promise is the anchor of hope. Knowing that this is our final destiny, we are called to live in holiness, to persevere in faith, and to proclaim the gospel, so that many others can share in this glorious inheritance. In anticipation of this new world, we can say with confidence:

[FAC]

In this appendix, we will address some of the most frequently asked questions. frequent discussions about the end of times, with the aim of clarify topics that have not been covered in detail in previous chapters. Let's explore characters important concepts, enigmatic expressions and other concepts mentioned in the book of Revelation and elsewhere prophetic words of the Bible. IDENTITY OF THE 144 THOUSAND WHO ARE THE 144 THOUSAND SEALED MENTIONED IN APOCALYPSE? Revelation 7 identifies the 144,000 as being from "all tribes of the children of Israel, "with 12 thousand from each tribe. This suggests they represent Jews who will be saved and sealed by God during the Tribulation. However, there are different interpretations about who exactly these are 144 thousand. Some understand that they are literal Jews, while others see this number as symbolic, representing the totality of faithful believers (Jews and Gentiles) protected by God. 95

PURPOSE OF THE 144 THOUSAND These sealed ones are described as "following the Lamb wherever whoever goes" and "they have not defiled themselves with women, for they are virgins" (Revelation 14:4). This indicates that they have a role special form of purity and devotion to God, possibly serving as witnesses during the tribulation.

WITNESSES IN REVELATION 11? The two witnesses will prophesy for 1,260 days (approximately three and a half years old), dressed in sackcloth, which symbolizes regret and mourning. During this time, they will have the power to perform miracles, such as closing the sky so that not rain, turn water into blood, and smite the earth with all pest luck. The two witnesses are prophetic figures described in Revelation 11:3-12, which will play a crucial role during the tribulation. 96

At the end of his ministry, the beast that rises from the abyss (generally identified as the Antichrist) will kill them. Your bodies will be exposed in Jerusalem for three and a half days, while the inhabitants of the land rejoice at his death. No However, after these three and a half days, God will resurrect them, and they they will ascend to heaven before their enemies.

Some interpretations suggest that the two witnesses may be literal characters, possibly Moses and Elijah, or Enoch and Elijah, for both were powerful prophets and did not experienced death (Elijah was taken to heaven in a whirlwind, and Enoch "was translated so as not to see death"). Another view is that the two witnesses represent the Church or a combination of groups of believers who will remain faithful during the tribulation. 97

BABYLON, THE GREAT WHORE WHAT IS BABYLON IN APOCALYPSE? In Revelation 17, Babylon is described as "the great harlot" which sits on many waters, which symbolizes his dominion aboutthe nations. She is represented as a woman drunk with the blood of the saints and martyrs of Jesus, symbolizing the persecution of Christians. Babylon is one of the most powerful and enigmatic symbols of the world. book of Revelation, representing the corrupt and opposed to God.

Babylon is seen by many interpreters as representing the political, economic and religious system that opposes God and promotes immorality and idolatry. This "Babylon" can be understood as a symbol of the power and corruption of nations that reject God's sovereignty.

In Revelation 18, Babylon is judged and destroyed in a sudden and total, as a demonstration of divine judgment about systemic evil in the world. 98

WHO IS THE BEAST THAT COMES UP FROM THE SEA? In Revelation 13:1-10, the Beast that emerges from the sea has ten horns and seven heads, with ten diadems on the horns and blasphemous names on heads. She is described as having characteristics of a leopard, a bear and a lion, which connects with the beasts of Daniel 7, which represent kingdoms and empires. The Beast that rises from the sea is a central figure in the narrative of Apocalypse, generally identified as the Antichrist.

The Beast receives power, throne and great authority from the dragon (Satan). She is worshiped by the inhabitants of the earth, and her blasphemies against God last forty-two months (three years and a half).

The Beast represents a world leader who will exercise dominion over nations during the tribulation, promoting self-worship and persecuting those who remain faithful to God. 99

WHAT DOES THE NUMBER 666 MEAN? The text of Revelation 13:18 says: "Here is wisdom. He who If you have understanding, calculate the number of the beast, because it is the number of man. And their number is six hundred and sixty-six." This number is identified as representing imperfection (the number six is considered the number of man, which is imperfect) and can symbolize the fullness of human rebellion against God. The number 666, mentioned in Revelation 13:18, is known as "the number of the Beast" and has been the subject of much speculation and interpretation.

Some scholars try to use gematria (a system of assigning numeric values to letters) to identify the Antichrist, associating the number 666 with historical figures or future ones. However, the most common interpretation is that the number represents the totality of evil and opposition to God. 100

WHO ARE THE "INHABITANTS OF THE EARTH" MENTIONED IN APOCALYPSE? The "inhabitants of the earth" are often described as those who worship the Beast and reject the message of the gospel. They are contrasted with the saints, who are faithful to God and resist the Beast, even under persecution. The expression "inhabitants of the earth" appears several times in Revelation, referring to those who oppose God and follow the Beast.

Revelation portrays the "inhabitants of the earth" as being under the divine judgment, because of their rebellion and idolatry. 101

APOCALYPSE? Described in Revelation 8-11, the seven trumpets bring a series of judgments upon the earth, which include catastrophes natural resources, destruction of a third of marine life and rivers, and plagues of demonic creatures. The trumpets and bowls in Revelation are instruments of divine judgment that occurs during the tribulation.

Revelation 16 describes the seven bowls of God's wrath, which are poured onto the earth and represent the culmination of divine judgments, including malignant ulcers, the transformation of the seas and rivers in blood, and total darkness over the kingdom of the Beast. 102

WHO IS THE FALSE PROPHET? The false prophet is described as a second beast, which ascends of the earth and has "two horns like a lamb, but spoke like a dragon." He is responsible for carrying out great signs and wonders, deceiving the inhabitants of the earth and encouraging the worship of the first Beast (the Antichrist). The false prophet is a figure mentioned in Revelation 13:11-18, who serves as the Antichrist's main religious ally.

The false prophet establishes the image of the Beast and promotes worship of the Antichrist. He is also theresponsible for establishing the mark of the beast, without which no one can buy or sell. 103

WHAT IS THE BOOK OF LIFE? The names written in the Book of Life are those who were redeemed by Christ and will be saved from final judgment. In Revelation 20:15, we read that "he who was not found written in the book of life he was thrown into the lake of fire." The Book of Life is mentioned several times in Revelation and in other parts of the Bible, representing the record of those who They belong to God and have eternal life.

Having your name inscribed in the Book of Life is synonymous with salvation and guarantee of eternal life with God. Exclusion from the Book of Life means eternal damnation. 104

WHAT IS THE NEW JERUSALEM? The new Jerusalem is described as the holy city, adorned like a bride to her husband. She has a big and tall wall with twelve gates, and the gates are named after the twelve tribes of Israel. The city is pure gold, with precious stones as foundations, and there is no temple in it, for "the Lord God Almighty Mighty One and the Lamb are his temple." The new Jerusalem, mentioned in Revelation 21-22, is the city celestial who descends from heaven to the new earth in the eternal state.

The new Jerusalem symbolizes the eternal presence of God with the His people, where there will be no more tears, death, crying or pain. She is the center of worship and the place where the redeemed will live with God forever. 105

Eschatology invites us to look to the future with hope and responsibility. Although there are different interpretations regarding the order and details of final events, what remains non-negotiable is the certainty that Christ will return in glory, execute His righteous judgment and establish the eternal state, where The redeemed will dwell forever with the Lord. May this study have expanded your understanding and strengthened your faith, leading you to live vigilantly, firmness and expectation in the blessed hope of the return of Christ 106